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相变材料具有能量储存和温度调节的优势，在热管理应用中展现出巨大的潜力。针对单一相变温区在宽温域工况适用性不足的问题，本研究设计并制备了具有双相变温区的聚酰亚胺(PI)基复合相变材料。采用乳化-还原法法构筑具有高潜热的石墨烯纳米胶囊(C20RGO-N)，并将其同时作为低温相变组分和导热填料，制备PI基复合气凝胶(PIC20RGO-N)。通过真空浸渍，将C20RGO-N与二十二烷(C22)按1∶1质量比负载于该气凝胶孔隙，制得复合相变气凝胶(PIC20RGO-N/C20RGO-N+C22)。石墨烯壳层有效阻隔两种烷烃互溶，使材料呈现低温吸热(C20RGO-N，36 ℃)和高温持续吸热(C22，44 ℃)的阶梯式热响应。得益于气凝胶的高孔隙率与石墨烯壳层的高导热性，该复合相变气凝胶的相变焓高达195 J/g，热导率为0.92 W/(m·K)。在双相变组分的协同作用下，该材料在不同温区均表现出优异的电池热管理性能：在27 ℃下，4.5 C倍率放电时可使电池表面温度降低12 ℃；在环境温度升至38 ℃时，相比仅包覆低温相变材料的体系温度降低7.6 ℃，有效解决了单一相变温区材料在宽温域工况下适应性不足的矛盾。
Abstract：Phase change materials (PCMs) offer advantages in energy storage and temperature regulation， demonstrating great potentials in thermal management applications. To address the limitation of a single-phase change temperature region under wide operating conditions， this work designs and prepares a novel polyimide (PI)-based composite PCM with dual phase change temperature regions. Graphene nanocapsules (C20RGO-N) with high latent heat were fabricated using an emulsion-reduction method. They were simultaneously used as the low temperature phase change component and thermally conductive filler to prepare the PI-based composite aerogel (PIC20RGO-N). C20RGO-N and docosane (C22) were loaded into the aerogel pores at a mass ratio of 1:1 via vacuum impregnation to obtain the composite phase change aerogel (PIC20RGO-N/C20RGO-N+C22). The graphene shell effectively prevents the mutual dissolution of the two alkanes， enabling the material to exhibit a stepwise thermal response with endothermic heat absorption at a low temperature (C20RGO-N， 36 ℃) and sustained heat absorption at a high temperature (C22， 44 ℃). Benefiting from the high porosity of the aerogel and high thermal conductivity of the graphene shell， the composite phase change aerogel exhibits an excellent phase change enthalpy of 195 J/g and a thermal conductivity of 0.92 W/(m·K). Under the synergistic effect of the dual phase change components， the material exhibits excellent battery thermal management performance across different temperature ranges. At 27 ℃ and a discharge rate of 4.5 C， it reduces the battery surface temperature by 12 ℃. When the ambient temperature rises to 38 ℃， the temperature reduction is 7.6 ℃ compared to the system using only the low-temperature phase change material. This dual temperature region synergistic regulation strategy effectively addresses the limitation of single-phase change temperature region materials in terms of insufficient adaptability under wide operating conditions.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19886/j.cnki.dhdz.2026.0187
中图分类号:TB34;TQ427.26;TM912
引用信息:
[1]尤嘉,贾绪平,刘增,等.聚酰亚胺基双温区相变复合气凝胶：协同调控电池热管理性能[J].东华大学学报(自然科学版)().DOI:10.19886/j.cnki.dhdz.2026.0187.
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划(2023YFB3811902); 国家自然科学基金(52322302)
2026-07-01
2026-07-01
2026-07-01