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针对传统制冷高能耗问题，制备了一种兼具零能耗被动辐射制冷与高效隔热双重功能的木棉基生物质多孔材料。该材料经脱木质素处理、与纳米纤维素(CNF)复合、疏水改性及冷冻干燥工艺制备。系统表征了材料的形貌结构、表面接触角、太阳光反射率及中红外发射率，并测试了其隔热与室外降温性能。结果表明，随着前驱体溶液浓度升高，SCK多孔材料表面结构逐渐致密、孔径减小，太阳光反射率显著提升。其中，浓度最高的SC0.8K0.8样品综合性能最佳，具有优异的疏水性(接触角达144.2° ± 0.5°)，主孔径分布于10～40 μm，太阳光反射率达90.29%，中红外发射率为92.77%，导热系数低至0.0358 W·m?1·K?1。户外试验显示，在晴空条件下，该材料可实现最高11.36 ℃、平均7.25 ℃的显著降温效果，为开发高性能生物质辐射制冷材料提供了新策略。
Abstract：To mitigate the high energy intensity of traditional refrigeration， this study fabricated a kapok-based biomass porous material capable of zero-energy passive radiative cooling and efficient thermal insulation. The material was synthesized via delignification， incorporation of cellulose nanofibers (CNF)， hydrophobic modification， and freeze-drying. Its morphology， structure， surface contact angle， solar reflectance， and mid-infrared emissivity were systematically characterized， alongside evaluations of its thermal insulation and outdoor cooling performance. The results indicate that increasing the precursor solution concentration progressively densified the surface structure， reduced pore size， and significantly enhanced solar reflectance. Sample SC0.8K0.8， prepared at the highest concentration， exhibited optimal comprehensive performance， characterized by excellent hydrophobicity (contact angle of 144.2° ± 0.5°)， a primary pore size distribution of 10-40 μm， a solar reflectance of 90.29%， a mid-infrared emissivity of 92.77%， and a thermal conductivity of 0.0358 W·m?1·K?1. Outdoor tests under clear skies demonstrated substantial cooling effects， with maximum and average temperature reductions of 11.36°C and 7.25°C， respectively. This work offers a novel strategy for developing high-performance biomass radiative cooling materials.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19886/j.cnki.dhdz.2026.0007
中图分类号:TB383.4;TB34
引用信息:
[1]於佳慧,安昱盈,滕凤,等.木棉基多孔材料制备及其辐射冷却性能[J].东华大学学报(自然科学版)().DOI:10.19886/j.cnki.dhdz.2026.0007.
基金信息:
上海市自然科学基金（24ZR1402100）; 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助（2232024D-07）; 上海市2024年度“科技创新行动计划”国内科技合作领域项目（24010701100）
2026-06-30
2026-06-30
2026-06-30