| 693 | 0 | 30 |
| 下载次数 | 被引频次 | 阅读次数 |
战场上，先进的军事侦查系统会对地面军事设备造成巨大的威胁，因此强大的隐身技术成为现代化战争取胜的关键。单一隐身功能的材料无法满足复杂多变的战场环境，开发能够同时在可见光、红外、雷达等多波段实现隐身的材料至关重要。使用纤维素气凝胶作为支撑骨架，通过负载Fe_3O4/C纳米吸波粒子和可见光-近红外吸收涂层(纤维素基Cr_2O3),制备在可见-红外-雷达多波段隐身的复合气凝胶材料。其能在3.2 mm的厚度下实现7.9 GHz的有效吸波带宽，完全覆盖Ku波段，具有优异的雷达隐身能力。气凝胶的孔隙率保持在95%以上，热导率仅为0.032 4 W/(m·K),能提供有效的红外隐身效果。复合气凝胶表面的纤维素基Cr_2O3涂层，使其在可见-近红外波段的光谱特征基本满足美军涂料光谱通道要求，实现了可见-近红外隐身。此外，涂层的加入使得气凝胶的力学性能得到极大的提升，在60%形变下，复合气凝胶压缩模量达257.6 kPa,是纯纤维素气凝胶的16倍。这项工作在实现可见-红外-雷达多波段隐身的同时改善了基体气凝胶的力学性能，拓宽了隐身材料的应用场景，为下一代军事隐身材料的制备提供了新的思路。
Abstract：Advanced military reconnaissance systems pose significant threats to ground-based military equipment, making robust stealth technology crucial for success in modern warfare. Currently, single-function stealth materials can no longer meet the demands of complex and dynamic battlefield environments, highlighting the urgent need to develop materials capable of simultaneous camouflage across multiple spectral bands including visible light, infrared, and radar. In this study, we developed a multifunctional composite aerogel with visible-infrared-radar multispectral stealth capabilities by employing cellulose aerogel as a structural matrix incorporated with Fe_3O4/C microwave-absorbing nanoparticles and a visible-near-infrared absorbing coating. The composite exhibits exceptional radar stealth performance, achieving an effective absorption bandwidth of 7.9 GHz at a thickness of only 3.2 mm, completely covering the Ku-band. Furthermore, the aerogel maintains a high porosity exceeding 95% while demonstrating an ultralow thermal conductivity of 0.032 4 W/(m·K), ensuring effective infrared camouflage. By integrating a cellulose-based Cr_2O3 coating, the composite exhibits spectral characteristics in the visible-near-infrared range that meet U.S. military standard spectral channel requirements for camouflage coating. Remarkably, the coating simultaneously enhances the mechanical properties of the aerogel. Under 60% deformation, the compressive modulus of composite aerogel reached 257.6 kPa, which was 16 times that of pure cellulose aerogel. This work not only achieves multispectral stealth across visible-infrared-radar bands but also significantly improves the mechanical performance of the base aerogel, thereby expanding potential applications for stealth materials and providing new insights for developing next-generation military camouflage systems.
[1] WU Y,TAN S J,ZHAO Y,et al.Broadband multispectral compatible absorbers for radar,infrared and visible stealth application [J].Progress in Materials Science,2023,135:101088.
[2] ZHAO Y,JI G B.Multi-spectrum bands compatibility:new trends in stealth materials research [J].Science China Materials,2022,65(11):2936-2941.
[3] ZHUANG S X,CHEN W Q,LI B,et al.A leaf-mimic material based on polyurethane microcapsules and Cr2O3 for hyperspectral stealth [J].Materials & Design,2024,243:113051.
[4] XIA D X,WANG X,SUN W Q,et al.Chameleon-inspired supramolecular materials based on cucurbit[7]uril and viologens exhibiting full-color tunable photochromic behavior [J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2024,484:149551.
[5] MAO H,LIU L M,SHI L,et al.High loading cotton cellulose-based aerogel self-standing electrode for Li-S batteries [J].Science Bulletin,2020,65(10):803-811.
[6] WANG Z H,XIA D W,CUI S J,et al.A high-capacity nanocellulose aerogel uniformly immobilized with a high loading of nano-La(OH)3 for phosphate removal [J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2022,433:134439.
[7] WEI Z C,ZHANG Y X,CAI C Y,et al.Wood lamella-inspired photothermal stearic acid-eutectic gallium-indium-based phase change aerogel for thermal management and infrared stealth [J].Small,2023,19(46):2302886.
[8] LI B X,LUO Z,YANG W G,et al.Adaptive and adjustable MXene/reduced graphene oxide hybrid aerogel composites integrated with phase-change material and thermochromic coating for synchronous visible/infrared camouflages [J].ACS Nano,2023,17(7):6875-6885.
[9] GU W H,XIA A L,JIN C G,et al.An ultralight,eco-friendly 3D porous carbon aerogel derived from cotton nano-cellulose for infrared stealth and microwave absorption [J].Carbon,2024,229:119565.
[10] ZHANG Z C,WANG Q Y,LI Z F,et al.A skin-beyond multifrequency camouflage system with self-adaptive discoloration and radar-infrared stealth [J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2024,494:152867.
[11] JIANG S,YAN W D,CUI C,et al.Bioinspired thermochromic textile based on robust cellulose aerogel fiber for self-adaptive thermal management and dynamic labels [J].ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,2023,15(40):47577-47590.
[12] SONG X H,WANG F,ZHOU H Y,et al.Study on the mechanism of large-scale microwave absorption of ferroferric oxide coated with nano-SiO2 [J].Journal of Materials Science:Materials in Electronics,2021,32(19):24083-24094.
[13] CHENG Y J,SUN X X,YANG S,et al.Multifunctional elastic rGO hybrid aerogels for microwave absorption,infrared stealth and heat insulation [J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2023,452:139376.
[14] LIU Q,TANG L,LI J Z,et al.Multifunctional aramid nanofibers reinforced RGO aerogels integrated with high-efficiency microwave absorption,sound absorption and heat insulation performance [J].Journal of Materials Science & Technology,2022,130:166-175.
[15] ZHOU Y H,QIAN J,QIANG Z,et al.Interface engineering of Fe/Fe3C@C magnetic-carbon composites for superior microwave absorption [J].Composites Part A:Applied Science and Manufacturing,2025,190:108700.
[16] CHAI X,ZHU D M,LIU Y,et al.In-situ construction of Cr2O3@ATO hybrid pigment towards synergetic enhancement of visible light-infrared-radar compatible stealth [J].Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2023,645:570-579.
[17] XU B,UNIVERSITY D,WANG T,et al.Self-cross-linked carbon-nanofiber-based aerogels for infrared stealth under extreme conditions [J].ACS Applied Nano Materials,2025,8(8):4151-4158.
[18] CAO K Y,YE W P,ZHANG Y,et al.Fabrication of multifunctional Co,N co-doped UIO-rGO aerogel with properties of hydrophobic,anti-corrosion,heat insulation,infrared stealth and electromagnetic wave absorption [J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2024,492:152275.
[19] ZHANG J H,LI Q,JIA Y,et al.Effects of microstructure evolution of SiC/SiOC aerogel on electromagnetic wave absorption and infrared stealth properties [J].Ceramics International,2025,51(6):7437-7450.
[20] HE P,FU M Q,WANG F Q,et al.Unlocking versatile capabilities:Mixed-valence decavanadate aerogels for boosting radar,infrared,and thermal stealth [J].Journal of Materials Science & Technology,2025,220:210-222.
[21] 王应德，陈彦模，朱美芳，等.三叶形截面碳化硅纤维介电性能与吸波性能研究[J].东华大学学报(自然科学版),2002,(4):110-114.WANG Y D,CHEN Y M,ZHU M F,et al.Dielectric and radar-absorbing properties of silicon carbide fibers with trilobal cross section [J].Journal of Donghua University (Natural Science),2022,28(4):110-114.
[22] SHAO G F,XU R P,CHEN Y,et al.Miniaturized hard carbon nanofiber aerogels:from multiscale electromagnetic response manipulation to integrated multifunctional absorbers [J].Advanced Functional Materials,2024,34(48):2408252.
[23] YE Z W,WANG K J,LI X Q,et al.Preparation and characterization of ferrite/carbon aerogel composites for electromagnetic wave absorbing materials [J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2022,893:162396.
[24] XU J,SHU R W,WAN Z L,et al.Construction of three-dimensional hierarchical porous nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide/hollow cobalt ferrite composite aerogels toward highly efficient electromagnetic wave absorption [J].Journal of Materials Science & Technology,2023,132:193-200.
[25] LI C,LIANG L L,ZHANG B S,et al.Magneto-dielectric synergy and multiscale hierarchical structure design enable flexible multipurpose microwave absorption and infrared stealth compatibility [J].Nano-Micro Letters,2024,17(1):40.
[26] ZHU L L,ZHANG H,HU Z M,et al.Mesoporous MXene nanosheets/CNF composite aerogels for electromagnetic wave absorption and multifunctional response [J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2024,502:157770.
[27] 郭利.模拟绿色植被光谱特征的近红外伪装涂层研究[D].南京：南京航空航天大学，2013.GUO L.Research on the near-infrared camouflage coating with similar reflectance spectroscopy to green vegetation [D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2013.
[28] Military Specification of USA.Ultra lightweight camouflage net system(ULCANS):MIL-PRE-53134-1996[S].USA:NPFC,1996.
基本信息:
DOI：10.19886/j.cnki.dhdz.2025.0169
中图分类号:TQ427.26
引用信息:
[1]潘瑶,周熠辉,叶长怀.可见-红外-雷达多波段隐身复合气凝胶材料的制备[J].东华大学学报(自然科学版),2025,51(06):133-142.DOI:10.19886/j.cnki.dhdz.2025.0169.
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划(2022YFB3807100)