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电磁超材料是一种通过人工微结构在亚波长尺度内精确调控特定频段下所需的电磁参数的复合材料，可通过这些结构的周期性排列和尺寸调整，操控电磁波的传播方式，具有负介电常数、负磁导率等特征。随着柔性电子的发展，学界研究重心逐渐从刚性材料转向柔性材料，其中纺织品因其柔软、轻便、透气、耐磨等优势，成为柔性电磁超材料的重要载体。综述了纺织基电磁超材料的主要加工工艺，包括机织、针织、刺绣、印刷与胶黏等，并总结了其在纺织天线、电磁吸波器、生物传感器和能量收集装置等领域的典型应用。在实际应用中，该类材料仍面临诸如电磁性能稳定性差、结构设计与加工工艺难以协同优化以及多功能集成难度大等挑战。未来应聚焦于高性能纤维材料、智能织造技术以及多功能一体化设计，以期推动纺织基电磁超材料在军事、航空航天、通信、电子设备中的深度应用。
Abstract：Electromagnetic metamaterials are composite materials that achieve precise control over electromagnetic parameters at specific frequency bands through artificially designed microstructures on a subwavelength scale. By adjusting the periodic arrangement and dimensions of these structures, the propagation of electromagnetic waves can be manipulated, exhibiting unconventional properties such as negative permittivity and negative permeability. With the rapid development of flexible electronics, research has gradually shifted from rigid to flexible materials. Among them, textiles have emerged as promising substrates for flexible electromagnetic metamaterials due to their softness, light weight, breathability, and wear resistance. This review summarizes the main fabrication techniques of textile-based electromagnetic metamaterials, including weaving, knitting, embroidery, printing, and adhesive bonding, and highlights their representative applications in textile antennas, electromagnetic absorbers, biosensors, and energy harvesting devices. Despite the progress made, several challenges remain, such as poor electromagnetic stability under real-world conditions, difficulties in coordinating structural design with textile processing, and limitations in multifunctional integration. Future research should focus on the development of high-performance functional fibers, intelligent textile manufacturing technologies, and integrated multifunctional designs, with the aim of promoting the application of textile-based electromagnetic metamaterials in military, aerospace, communications, and electronic devices.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19886/j.cnki.dhdz.2024.0204
中图分类号:TB34
引用信息:
[1]周邦泽,韩绍坤,刘阳等.纺织基电磁超材料的发展及研究现状[J].东华大学学报(自然科学版),2025,51(02):26-39.DOI:10.19886/j.cnki.dhdz.2024.0204.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金面上项目(52273054)