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为保障极地船舶在冰区的航行安全、避免近距离碰撞，利用计算流体动力学(CFD)方法对我国某极地船舶驾驶室建模，以化霜率为评价指标，对比研究驾驶室中热风辅助电加热玻璃化霜的加速效应，明确两种典型送风方式(顶部球形喷口和地板条形风口)的化霜特性及不同送风参数(温度、送风量和角度)对化霜速率的影响规律。研究发现，两种热风辅助方式均显著加速船舶在极地的化霜，相比单纯电加热玻璃(1 700 W/m2),辅以球形喷口射流与条形风口送风可使化霜率提升超4倍，128 s时化霜率从12.57%提高至62%以上。但顶部球形喷口和地板条形风口送风在化霜特性上存在显著差异：前者呈初期打开局部视野迅速、整面化霜较慢的“快点慢面”特征；后者则表现出相反的“低开高走”化霜特性。增大送风量可明显加速化霜，尤其是对地板条形风口；调节送风角度可加快顶部球形喷口的化霜速率，但对地板条形风口影响甚微；送风温度的加速化霜效果有限。研究结果可为极地船舶驾驶室挡风玻璃的低电耗快速化霜提供重要参考。
Abstract：To ensure polar vessel safety and prevent collisions in icy waters, a computational fluid dynamic(CFD) model of a Chinese polar vessel's pilothouse was developed, assessing the accelerated efficacy of hot-air-assisted electric-heated glass defrosting with defrosting rate. We analyzed two air supply methods(ceiling-mounted spherical nozzles and floor slot diffusers) across air supply temperature, volume, and angle. Both methods accelerated the defrosting rate in polar conditions. Compared to sole electric heating(1 700 W/m2), the two methods increased the defrosting rate by more than 4 times, reaching over 62% in 128 s from 12.57%. But there are notable differences in defrosting characteristics. The ceiling-mounted spherical nozzle air supply exhibited a “quick point, slow surface” defrosting characteristics, while the floor slot diffuser one exhibited a “slow start, fast finish” characteristics. Increasing air volume significantly accelerated defrosting rate, especially for floor slot diffusers. Optimizing air supply angles enhanced the rate for the ceiling-mounted spherical nozzle method, but had minimal effect on the floor slot diffuser method. The accelerated frosting impact of air temperature was limited. Findings can support the development of rapid, low-power windshield defrosting for pilothouse of future polar vessels.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19886/j.cnki.dhdz.2024.0402
中图分类号:U674.81
引用信息:
[1]裘莉莉,魏世松,安毓辉等.极地船舶驾驶室不同送风方式对加速热风辅助电加热玻璃化霜的影响[J].东华大学学报(自然科学版),2025,51(03):143-151.DOI:10.19886/j.cnki.dhdz.2024.0402.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金(52008078)